This question comes at a time when a culture of cultures is not devoid of tone and rhythm. Music is one of the means of expressing human feelings, and a form of communication between people. And recently, the music played another role that may be new to it, as I stood side by side next to the doctor's tools such as stethoscopes, scalpels and other tools that the doctor uses in his clinic or inside the operating room.
Music therapy has become a form of complementary or even alternative medicine, as music has contributed to the restoration and improvement of the health, psychological, physical, physiological and spiritual status of many patients suffering from problems that differ in their nature and causes. It has been scientifically proven that the vibrations of music directly affect the nervous system, as each frequency or more affects a part of the brain, specific to a nerve, which contributes to the opportunity for the person listening to relax, which is what the scientists likened to the process of medical anesthesia, and this condition allows for gathering The will, to overcome the causes of pain, so the body begins to activate the natural antagonists and internal secretions that help the immune system and others to overcome the source and location of the disease.
Music therapy Noise has become a defining feature of our modern life, and modern science confirms that it causes many health risks in humans, such as high blood pressure or an accelerated heartbeat and other physical and psychological health problems. In this context, a logical question appears on the surface.. If there are disturbing sounds that cause disease, are there no sounds that help with healing, and can the sounds, rhythms and rhythms be a substitute for medicine or a complement to it? Can music be a cure alongside a pill?
History of music therapy:
Music therapy has been known since ancient times, as primitive man used singing and dancing as part of his rituals to expel evil spirits that were believed to be behind his affliction with many diseases, and the priests of the Abydos Temple, the largest medical center in Paranoiac Egypt, used to treat diseases with tuned chants. Plato asserts in Book IV of the Republic that access to health is achieved through music and gymnastics, and there is an ancient papyrus indicating that there is a saint called Abu Taarabu who treated epilepsy patients in the Coptic era by reciting psalms.
The philosopher and mathematician "Pythagoras" began 2,500 years ago to teach his students that sounds help them work relax, sleep and wake up well. In the eras of Arab civilization, this type of treatment was also known, as (the Brethren of Purity) divided the melodies into: “spiritual and influential, such as the intonation of the Qur’an and religious chants, war and enthusiastic melodies, funeral melodies, and melodies calling for action, such as songs of fishermen, porters, and masons, Or the melodies of occasions such as weddings and other things, and there are the traditional melodies that are used to guide animals, such as singing the shoe in a camel caravan. ”On another site, (the Brothers of Purity) says:“ Every nature has a tone that is similar to it, and a melody that fits with it, all according to changes in the moods of morals and differences The nature and composition of the bodies in places and times.
Therefore, they and the words of the Ikhwan al-Safa extracted a melody that they use in the Marastans at the time of witchcraft, which relieves the pain of sickness from diseases, breaks its wall, and cures many diseases and illnesses. In the unique decade about the relationship of music to medicine, Ibn Abd Rabbo said: “The medical people claimed that the good voice flowed through the body and ran through the veins, so the blood was cleared and the heart relaxed for it, and the soul was devastated for it, the prey would vibrate and the movements diminished.” In the modern era, the history of the use of music as a therapeutic method goes back to 1896, when modern medical interest began in the United States with the positive effect of music, as it increases blood flow and helps in mental clarity, and this date can be adopted as the beginning of modern medicine's attention to sound therapy and music therapy. In the fifties and sixties of the twentieth century, electronic devices were developed that emit sound waves for treatment and others for diagnosis. The British doctor, Peter Manners, created a device that emits sound waves for local treatment.
French ear specialists Guy Pearard and Ackfried Tamati also devised an integrative auditory training method by using selective sound-emitting devices to train autistic and stuttered children to hear and perceive sounds that were difficult for them to communicate with. Music and Arab-Islamic medicine: Arab and Muslim doctors excelled in devising many methods and methods of treatment, including their use (music and singing) in the treatment of mentally ill or mentally defective patients. And this is what he mentioned.
Gomara, one of the scholars of the French campaign against Egypt, describing the places of treatment in it: “Several practices were established in Cairo, some five or six centuries ago, that included the sick and the insane, including Maristan Qalawun. It was originally designated for the insane, and the Sultans of Egypt spent abundant money on it, where it is said that each patient had two people serving him, and the insecure of the sick were isolated in a single room, in which they would sing their ears by listening to melodious music or having fun by listening to the stories thrown at them by the storyteller. The patients who recovered were isolated from the rest, and they enjoyed watching the dance.
And funny stories appeared in front of them. Prisse davennes also mentioned: “The halls of the sick were warmed with incense and cooled with large fans, and the floor of the halls was covered with branches of henna trees, pomegranates, mastic trees, or with aromatic shrubs. He used to spend time on some of the markets that came every day to Maristan to entertain the patients by singing or playing on musical instruments. This is as stated in the description of the scholars of the French campaign who witnessed this care for themselves.
As the “Ikhwan al-Safa” (mid-fourth century AH / tenth century CE) says, in one of their messages: “From music,” a melody they used in Maristan at the time of witchcraft, relieves the pain of sickness and illnesses for the sick, breaks its wall, and cures many diseases and ills. It appears that this pattern of treatment remained part of the treatment in Islamic Bimaristan until the later eras.
Muhammad Respond Ali said: Trust told me that he had seen the deed of endowment in a hospital in Aleppo stating that every madman belongs to two servants who serve him, so they take off his clothes every morning, bathe him in cold water, then put him on clean clothes, carry him to pray, and hear him read the Qur’an, recite it A good-sounding reader then opens it in the open air, and in the other he hears the beautiful voices and the pleasant musical notes. He speaks about another bimaristan, saying that “it is narrated that the two winds were placed, and musical instruments and singers were brought in, so that these scenes and tunes were of the utmost care for healing.” Al-Razi 313 AH / 925 AD on a patient suffering from a mental illness known as “Malikhulia”: “Nothing is better for him than him, and no treatment is more effective in raising“ Malikhulia ”than forced labor that has great benefits or fear that fill the soul and occupy it very much, travel, and transportation. For I saw emptiness as the greatest thing in his generation, and thinking about what was and is before. This disease should be treated with work, and if it is not prepared, then it is with hunting and chess, drinking, singing, and playing games in it, which makes the soul distracted from deep thoughts.
Because if the soul is free, it thinks about the deep, distant things. And if she thinks about it, she is able to attain her faults, she is sad and distressed, and she accuses her reason, and if this show increases and strengthens her, she is maleclean. More than one of them was acquitted by a demolition, burning, or fear of a ruler. Ibn Sina 428 AH / 1037 CE Al-Razi agrees in this regard: “The owner of Malikhulia must be occupied with something how he used to and also work with listening and singing, the other from emptiness and solitude. Often they are blinded by symptoms that happen to them, or they fear something, so they work on the idea and get impeded. The same reluctance to them from the idea is an authentic treatment for it. ” And what the two scholars say about distancing themselves from the causes and causes of disease is now one of the forms of modern medicine that is known today: Divisional therapy, that is, the introduction of everything that would distract the patient from his illness. It is worth noting that Al-Razi has a compiler on music mentioned by Ibn Abi Issa'ah: “A book on the phrases of music”.
Avicenna also has no composition in music, and this is not surprising, as he sees that the pulse has a musical nature, and that it has a rhythmic ratio in speed and frequency. And "Farms" states that from what reached European civilization, translation, the ability of music to heal, which was proven by Ibn Sina in his article, which almost goes for example in the Latin language. Inter Omni excercitia Sanitatis cantare Melius est : The best wellness exercise is singing. Al-Kindi preceded all of them, as he divided the melodies into sections in “Kitab al-Musawat al-Watiyyah from one-stringed to ten strings” (“The Second Article”: On Tajf al-Lahoon ”). He dealt with notes, strings, and rhythms, where he mentioned their effect on the body's organs: “It happens from doing this string (and this) rhythm: that they are strengthened for the yellow time, driving it, with the meeting of winter and sleep time, and the age of music, that is, its character, and if this temperament becomes strong, phlegm will dissolve.
And cut a piece of paper and heat it up. And what is required of Muthanna from those actions: Surriyah, Tarabiyah, Farah, Judah, Karmic, sympathy, compassion, tenderness, and from the strength of this string and these two rhythms: that they strengthen the blood, its character, its motors, its kindness and its attributes, and they break the ordinary blackness and suppress it and prevent its actions. Tash Kabirzadeh 968 AH / 1561 in “The Science of Music”: That is why they use the rhythm sometimes in weddings and wars, treating the sick, and sometimes in funerals and houses of worship. And according to Ibn Jazlah 493 AH / 1100 AD in his book: “Evaluation of the Bodies,” that “Music is a useful tool in preserving health and restoring it; And it differs according to the different temperaments of nations. ” Daoud of Antioch, in 1008 AH / 1600 AD, collects in his ticket the differentials of the sayings of doctors in this field. He cites, for example, in his speech on your carefree ... and what helps (Slow carefree) is to look at arithmetic, imagery and engineering, and if the scope of thinking is narrow about that, then hearing voices and good instruments, because there is no treatment for those who took other things, this is a summary we picked up from the junction of their generosity We did not win this section.
The Antiochene also referred to the use of music in the treatment of insanity and hot fevers, and in convulsions and tremors. And here he assigns a special tone to the oud (Minshari). The scientific explanation of music therapy: Music therapy has occupied an important position now in the march of modern medicine, as it has contributed to the treatment of many diseases that could not be overcome by using other medicines that have proven to be ineffective in such cases. Regarding the scientific explanation for this, the psychiatrist, Dr. Imad Al-Husseini, told the Emirati newspaper Al-Bayam: “Modern physics explains this as being due to the fact that sound and thus music are nothing but parts of matter that have specific vibrations that represent their natural state.
It is known that even subatomic minutes, such as electronics that revolve around the nucleus of an atom, are characterized by the presence of a specific frequency for them, and since our bodies are made up of atoms in the end, our organs are the other, each of them has a specific wave frequency that represents their normal state of health, although we have not heard it Where it is infinitesimal frequencies. These frequencies deviate from their basic pattern when a person has a disease or even a change in his mood. Therefore, music therapy represents directed waves with an effective frequency that modifies the imbalance of waves in the affected parts and returns them to their normal state.
He adds that there is a second explanation that sees sound as sound waves that turn into impulses that flow in the nerves as soon as they reach our ears, and from there to the brain, where they are interpreted, and here the body begins to interact with them. And these waves affect when they hit the body, causing microscopic jolts very faint, enough to stimulate the cells and the minute blood circulation in the part that they shake.
There is a third interpretation based on the concept of energy centers in the body according to the Indian Ayurveda medicine, which says that there are eight centers, each called "chakra" distributed along the body, that coordinates the flow of energy between the organs. Dr. Halpern, who is one of the scholars of Western medicine and Ayurvedic medicine, believes that each “chakra” has a specific vibration related to the musical scale, and these vibrations disturb the disease and pressures, and music therapy brings it back to its natural frequency and this comparison adds to it “Fabien Maman” which is a music therapist with a good sound healer. He can choose appropriate voices not only to improve the physical and psychological state, but to combat some diseases and support their recovery. “4” Dr. Moataza Abdel-Rahman, a professor at the Faculty of Science at Cairo University, explains that the living cell in the human body contains about 70 to 80% of water and is affected by the reception of sound vibrations, which in turn transform into electromagnetic waves that generate clean energy that explodes the pent-up energies, in addition Low rates of infection with what is known as nervous hunger, as the rhythm makes us feel more of ourselves and indicates what we need from food, thus reducing the amount of food due to mental focus with every musical instrument and every tone issued by it until all the instruments mix and become like an orchestra, which in turn contributes to this. In maintaining the balance of the body's mechanism, which determines the relationship between hunger and satiety, and of course, this is useful for treating obesity and obesity by determining the type of music and the extent of its vibrations.
Dr. Nabila Mikhail, a professor at the Faculty of Music Education, says that there is no contradiction at all between music and science, and scientists were the first to reveal the potential of music and its various effects on humans, and music therapy is the regulation of the rhythm of movement within the living body by waves of music, whether by relaxing useful for many medical conditions or by achieving a certain percentage of compatibility between breathing and rapid pulse, and human and music both depend on the rhythm if misfire occurred chaos if enrolled achieve equilibrium. "5" Researchers have discovered the effectiveness of music in stimulating the secretion of endorphins , a natural material similar Combined with morphine. It is known that endorphins, which were discovered in 1972, are one of the types of peptides, which are also hormones secreted by the pituitary gland, and the tonsils and the lymphatic system are the most prominent centers of their collection, as they contain a large group of cells that secrete them. And as these researchers say that once this discovery is complete, a radical change will be expected in the known views about "the chemistry of pain", as there is no longer any doubt that pain, pleasure, and emotion, and many diseases have a connection to the work of endorphins, which turns out to be a great help.
To increase its excretion, and thus to treat the body and cure diseases. And because endorphins are a natural substance that the body excretes, so far no side effects have been discovered for them, as is the case with chemical drugs. So, we can say that we are facing an easy, cheap treatment that has no complications at all, which is practiced at all times and everywhere. Music and the Sciences of the Modern Era The German philosopher Nietzsche (1844 1900 AD) says: “If it were not for music, life would have been a mistake.” Music appeared in the modern era as a means of treatment just as it is a means of entertainment, as it occupied an influential position in the treatment of many diseases, and perhaps this is what prompted Some countries to establish specialized associations for this purpose, such as the National Association for Music Therapy, which was established in the United States of America since 1950.
In the Arab world, music therapy was introduced in the National Institute for Childhood Protection in Tunisia. This came after scholars in the modern era realized beyond a reasonable doubt, just as the ancients before them realized the extent of the influence of music in healing many mental illnesses, and that it helps to perform some surgeries. Some scientific experiments have proven that cows generate more milk if they listen to quiet music while milking them, and that they become calm in nature, as it has been proven that certain types of plants stop growing, and may wilt until they die if they are moved to places where there is intense noise. Specialists in psychotherapy advise couples to stop three days a week from watching television programs of all kinds and listen to relaxing music, even for an hour a day. The Austrian doctor Professor (Brahms) developed a therapeutic method for weight loss by listening to classical music for three hours a day, for treatment. Perhaps the modern old custom of a mother cheering her child with a sweet melody and a gentle voice in order to make him calm and sleep for the best is evidence of the influence of music and singing on people. Degree in Music
Therapy This success opened the door to an attempt to set up a program to train these musicians, and the matter developed and the first program in the world to award a degree in music therapy was established at Michigan State University in 1944 AD, and that was the starting point for the spread of this new type of treatment, which is "music therapy", and from At that time, it became an independent science in its own right, taught in specialized institutes, and it became not permissible for people to practice this type of treatment except after studying the scientific programs approved for this specialization. It should be noted that a few years ago, specifically on December 21, 1997, a number of Western and Italian musicians gathered in the Bosnian city of Mostar to open the Pavarotti Music Center as one of the projects of the War Child Foundation, which is an institution interested in establishing Therapeutic projects that help children overcome the painful experiences they go through during wars. The new center is treating Bosnian children who have suffered from the conditions of war through the use of music.
Mostar is known to have suffered destruction during the war due to a split between Muslims and Croats after the war. The development of practice and science has led to the emergence of a number of approaches and treatment methods, including:
(1) Improvisational Music Therapy, including Nordoff - Robbins, and other methods based on stimulating patient reactions at all levels.
(2) Singing and discussion, and it depends on motivating the patient to respond to poetic and musical pieces, by letting the person express the ideas and feelings that these pieces provoked in him. This method is used in psychological treatment, and in treating the problems of adolescents and the elderly.
(3) Graphic descriptions and Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) This method relies on listening to classical music on a mental and physical relaxation. This helps the person to stimulate his graphic description in order to reach his own reality.
(4) The Orff Schulwerk Clinical Method (COS) This treatment method relies on the use of movement, rhythm, sounds, language and musical expression in a group setting. This method is used to help deal with children with intellectual disability in overcoming their disability.
(5) Rythmic Entrainment Intervention (REI), which relies on central nervous system stimulation to aid in long-term behavioral and cognitive improvement in people with neurobiological imbalances, is a music therapy program that uses complex rhythm patterns for this purpose. Sound therapy Every cell in the human body has a different frequency and sound waves occur internally at the cellular level. If the sound wave is close to the cellular frequency, it strikes the molecules in the cell and returns the echo, which results in adherence to the cell wall with increasing blood flow to it and improving its metabolism, which gives it an energizing energy.
That's why I invented the physiological acoustic chair. So the patient sits with him so that his body sounds immersed in his body. And a special computer determines the type of sounds influenced by it, which the body needs in treatment, because any substance has a natural state of precise and fixed frequency vibrations. Even atoms in any body and the electrons that orbit their nuclei have constant and infinitely fading sound waves. And these weak sound frequencies are used by directing sound waves that have an effective frequency equivalent to any imbalance in the frequencies of the diseased atoms, to restore their natural and effective frequency.
That is why voice therapy is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, neurological and psychological diseases such as chronic pain, arthritis, and poor blood circulation. Patients are encouraged by hearing quiet music and natural sounds while they are above the chair to damage these sounds while the person is sitting in it to enter his body, creating with its vibrations a kind of massage compatible with the natural vibrations that are already in him. Currently, patients are treated with music, especially before they undergo surgery, to create muscle relaxation for them. They listen to the Turkish Sufi music and accompany it with a massage of the place where the operation will take place. Or the therapist uses a healing touch to pass the hands over the head and the eyelids while listening to the music through a microphone that the patient puts in his ears during the surgery. The benefits of music therapy, music therapy has many benefits, as it is suitable for treating many groups, such as children, adolescents, and the elderly who suffer from psychological or mental problems, or even from some disabilities in growth or learning, and it has also been shown to be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, as it has been proven successful in Abuse of many psychological deposits resulting from a person's exposure to aggression in one way or another, and in cases of brain injuries, physical disabilities, acute and chronic pain including childbirth pain, problems with speech, communication and communication, and in cases of anxiety and aggressive behavior, and the absence of mental focus. Music therapy helps to improve self-image and body awareness, which is reflected positively in increasing communication skills, increasing the ability to use energy meaningfully, reducing non-adaptive behaviors of individuals, increasing interaction with peers, improving motor skills, improving auditory reception, and stimulating expression and control.
Affective, increasing the capacity for independence and self-direction, and finally improving the ability to creativity and imagination. "13" Musician Ramzi Yassin says: It has been shown that music achieves a control of the rhythm between breathing and pulse rate at a rate of 4.1, which is useful in treating asthma, coronary arteries, high blood pressure and severe migraine. In the organic field, it can be used in the treatment of motor deficiency in the handicapped by using certain musical selections, which increases or decreases muscle activity according to the used melodies. For example, playing harmonica (benefit breathing and swallowing), and playing the drum releases emotional pressure instead of suppressing it or appearing in the form of hostile actions. And it is also proven that music succeeds in treating insomnia, and it will bear fruit after two or three sessions, in addition to that music works to develop sensory perception, and Kramkov discovered that music and rhythmic sounds can improve eyesight up to 25%, but that some of the sounds emanating from the watch, for example, have an effect.
On the sights. Experiments have confirmed that music has an effect on Parkinson's paralysis, so quiet music calms it down, military marches increase the speed of shivers, which may reach a hundred shivers per minute, and music was also used to stimulate digestion to the point that Voltaire once said that the goal of going to the opera is to help Digestion Process. The uses of music did not stop there, but it was also used in the treatment of blood pressure diseases. Treating asthma in children with music, and recently a team of British doctors began to follow this method in treating asthma in children. After the high rates of asthma among children in recent years, and instead of prescribing medicinal sprays or cortisone to alleviate the severity of the disease, doctors are now adopting a new approach, which is to develop musical lessons of a special nature that help improve the health of children with the disease.
And it is used in that the musical instruments are not commensurate with the nature of the disease, as the musical instrument must be a wind instrument such as the flute, flute, trumpet and saxophone. According to the opinion of the pulmonologist in the Sussex region, Dr. Kenneth Mackie, “Most specialists encourage this type of treatment, because it improves the functions of the lungs and teaches the patient to better control the respiratory movements, in addition to that it helps open the convulsive bronchi, especially in the expiratory phase. (Exhausting air) because wind instruments need expiratory air pressure. ” Doctors had been using this treatment method for decades, but the emergence of aerosolized drugs replaced it, and doctors returned to it again under the pressure of the negative effects of drugs, and the increasing number of infections among British children.
"Most of its students came to the institute, with the encouragement of doctors, in order to relieve their asthma," says Mike Hensor, head of the institute in the southeast of the British region of Surrey. The educational task of the music lessons is to train children how to use air breathing completely without interruption or gasping Music treats dumb children. It has been proven that music helps children afflicted with aphasia or aphasia for life-long speech, in resolving their tongue knot. This is what the German researcher, Monica Jungblot, who specializes in treating diseases with music, says. Monica Youngblot, from the Institute of Music Therapy in Witten-Herdeke, said that through music, she succeeded in achieving what other treatment methods failed to achieve, as music was able to encourage children suffering from aphasia for more than ten years to improve their speech abilities.
For seven months, Youngblot worked with six patients between the ages of 5 and 26 suffering from aphasia, one of the conditions considered "hopeless," according to the doctors ’estimate. The participants in the study did not receive any other treatment for their conditions except for the musical clips, and the researcher compared the results with the results of a comparison group whose members received other types of treatment. The researcher told a symposium on music therapy at the University of Vitten that the dumb participants in the study were able, after seven months, to sing syllables of words that they were unable to pronounce. The researcher emphasized that the patients are still far from the ability to pronounce the correct language grammatically and syllogically, but they have become able to name things by their names, and they have developed a sense of forming sentences. While the meanings from the aphasia were unable to name the mug before the musical therapy, he was now, after the treatment, able to pronounce it by name. Music therapy in Indonesia As part of the Indonesian Ministry of Health’s endeavor to give more attention to training in order to acquire new therapeutic skills, it has sent missions abroad and abroad to a large number of doctors in all branches of medicine, including music therapy.
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